The DHCP system assigns IP addresses to your local devices. Setting a lease duration will allow you to change the static lease information later on and have the host automatically get the new information without having to manually release/renew the lease on the host. Note: A blank lease duration means it will be an infinite lease (never expires).
If you forward an external WAN TCP/UDP port to a port on a server running inside your LAN, you have to give that server a static IP, and this can be achieved easily through Static DHCP. Static DHCP should be used in conjuction with Port Forwarding. Sometimes required for certain programs, this feature is useful if other people on your LAN know your IP and access your PC using this IP. Static DHCP will be needed if you want an interface to always have the same IP address. Therefore, e.g., one cannot reserve the same IP address for both the wired and wireless interfaces of a device, even though the device may be configured such that only one interface is active at any given time.) (Note also that, currently, each reserved IP address must also be unique. The DHCP server recognizes the MAC address of your device's NIC and assigns the static IP address to it. Your computer boots and requests its IP from the router's DHCP server.
To be more specific, the DHCP server assigns this static IP to a unique MAC address assigned to each NIC on your LAN.
Static DHCP (aka DHCP reservation) is a useful feature which makes the DHCP server on your router always assign the same IP address to a specific computer on your LAN. 2.3 How to add static leases into dhcp by command.
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